Friday 19 July 2013

Job Role Leaftlet

Documentary mini-task


What is a documentary? Well, a documentary is a form of recording facts into a visual media like films or TV shows. The contents of these can range from documentaries of various locations and events, to specific people as well, essentially being a kind of bibliography for the person.

Expository documentaries are essentially “voice of God” documentaries, which show the life of people in a specific place or of a specific group of people, essentially giving the viewer’s more of an opinion of said object or location, while having a commentator talk over the video, often giving opinions and facts to the viewers.  A common example of this kind of film is the David Attenborough documentaries, such as “Trials of Life” which looks at animal behavior through different stages of life.

Observational Documentaries is similar, in the fact it shows information about certain people or locations, however, while expository has some voice giving us information, observation removes any external observation from anyone, including the recording crew, with even the recorded location and/or group of people not interacting with the camera. An example of this is “Big Brother” to a degree, this is because they barely react to the fact they are being recorded, and it could be said there is a “voice of God” In the confessional room.

Interactive documentaries are documentaries in which we know there is someone involved, usually a kind of presenter, due to the fact he is in the cameras field of view most of the time, actually asking questions to the people in the documentary. It often presents multiple arguments, and editing is seen a lot more. An example of a series of documentaries is the “Louis” films (Louis Theroux), such as “Louis and the Nazis”. There are issues though, if the people being documented don’t want most of his/her life being delved into in detail, essentially locking out some parts of what could possibly have been recorded. An example of this is, again in “Louis and the Nazis”, was when he was conversing with a “Skinhead”, the “Skinhead” was not willing to disclose anything about his Life to Louis because Louis himself was unwilling to state his religious orientation. Code 8.1 from the Ofcom code states that “Any infringement of privacy in programmes, or in connection with obtaining material included in programmes, must be warranted.” (http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/broadcasting/broadcast-codes/broadcast-code-2008/privacy/)

Reflexive documentaries are more “artistic” documentaries, due to the fact they often end up making something that may seem strange, but it still conveys its message. But, it’s strange design makes it a bit confusing. This is due to the fact that unlike most other documentaries, it feels more like a mish mash of things that are meant to represent other things, people or areas. This ends up making some people unable to understand the message relayed. An example of this is “man with a movie camera”. The reason for this is due to the fact it is seen from the perspective of someone watching the main “Character”, it seems like we are watching a chain that is also happened while the documentary was being made.

Finally, there are performative documentaries.  Unlike what the title displays, this is more informative than the other documentaries, due to the fact that it ends up using dramatizations, for example, recreations of past events. This in-turn is the reason the name “preformative” is given. This makes it subjective, since we also see it from one point of view at a time. The reason for this is due to the fact that sometimes, only one side has the whole story, even then, it’s arguable. These end up adding a good twist on the whole documentary genre, due to the fact that most of the documentary types mentioned don’t end up explaining in this great amount of detail. This can however cause issues since it can be a bit gory, dependant on what is shown. It also involves multiple interviews with people. An example of this is actually the “Crime watch” this is due to the fact that this show ends up following the main parts of the “Sub-genre”

My own documentary filmmaking philosophy is to keep it as close to the truth as possible, essentially making a documentary of the performative or interactive sub-genres to allow me to show more facts, and I will keep it as close to the facts as plausible, even if there ends up being some kind of random action had occurred during the recording.  It does, however, bring questions if this is the case due to the fact that no one can tell if what they are saying is the truth.

 

 

Tuesday 16 July 2013

Is Television News a “Window on the world”?

Let’s start with the opening sequences. The opening sequences often have multiple imagery that imply that you are watching the news as it happens, such as the “Ticking clocks”. To show that the news is worldwide, they also often use iconography that represents places from different countries, such as big Ben, the tajmahal, and similar other things. The same effect can be done by showing the globe, which is done in several intros such as the BBC news intro. The intro, and at parts the set itself also end up having a glass like design, further representing the fact it should be a “Window on the world”

However, the sets does have some issues with displaying this imagery in my opinion. The reason for this is that at times, or at least on some intros of the news, you end up seeing the equipment in the background, seeming like there is more work being done in the background than just showing us what is there, also adding the realism of the news broadcast a bit.

The presenters (Also known as Studio news readers) often have to be non-biased in their opinion while on screen. The reason for this is because of the “Impartiality laws”, which I will explain in a bit. Though, it does end up further strengthening its claim as the “Window on the world” There are also field reporters, which give us a view of the event where It is, most of the time at least. When they are on the field two things often occur, they are often seen interviewing people on the scene, and there is a link to the studio, so they have a method of doing live recordings, which is mainly for major events, such as bombings, Major global events, and several other aspects. There is also another thing that also is done by the studio news readers. They have a specific mode of addressing to viewers. They often are seen facing the camera at eye level, as if talking to them directly, this is to enhance the realism, and make it seem like they are talking to the viewer (you)

There are a few rules that have to be maintained in news reporting. There are seven main Laws, and two key regulatory bodies. The Laws (Which I have taken from the Btec Media blog, more due to fact the following being facts) are the impartiality laws, which says “ITV news will show due impartiality” the BBC Royal charter which says “The corporation shall refrain from expressing its vies on matters of public concern”, The Official secrets act, which prevents broadcast or publication of material deemed to be detrimental to the security of the nation.

Then there is the Prevention of terrorism act, which prevents the broadcast of material likely to promote terrorist organizations or causes, The Libel laws which prevent the publication or broadcast of any unfounded accusations, the sub-judicy laws, which prevent publication or broad cast of anything to do with ongoing court cases which may influence the jury, and the D notices, in which defense notices may be issued by a committee consisting of members of the ministry of defense, the military and the media, where the government think that to publish or broadcast information will be detrimental to British defense interests.

The Regulatory bodies are Ofcom, which regulate terrestrial TV, so channels like ITV, C4, and C5 as well as cable and satellite channels, some parts of the BBC and radio, while the other is the BBC trust, which is the main regulatory body for the BBC, though it’s not really independent.

The news selection process is a bit strange, considering if id doesn’t hit any one of several key points, it is thrown into the “Dust bin of history”, These key points can include stuff such as “How often does this event happen?”, “How it affects people” and “Are elite people affected (VIPs)”. This process is essentially made by using “Galtung and Ruge’s study of news values” Which still holds true today. These news values end up making a minor bias, since they really priorities stuff that don’t affect the general area, if its local news, the exact opposite occurs if it’s global.

The process of making a news story can be considered long, since it takes a day to really set it up. The process often starts from around 10 am, and finishes just before 10pm, so that any last minute changes can occur if needed if a breaking story occurs. During the day, they start off with a time table for the news broadcast, including what camera angles, what clips, and so forth to use. All these end up making it seem realistic, though that can be put under subjectivity, considering mistakes can happen on air that make it seem like you are watching a blooper reel of a TV show.

All these points end up showing that the creation of a news report is not really a “window” to the world, since everything is modified to show us what they want us to see. Nothing more than that. It doesn’t really change much about it though, since it is just following something we have seen over and over again, only when they do something that seems off, we only notice the realism break, and even then, it’s only temporary, meaning there is not much we can do to change it. The news is still accurate, so why change it?

Now, there are also alternative methods of getting news. By using Social media networks such as face book, twitter and several other things, it is possible for News teams to get news faster, and cheaper. It also allows for them to get send out people quickly to clarify these events, since I doubt that the limited amount of characters from twitter would help much. It does however help relay people’s reactions to the public from events such as the Boston marathon bombing and also any other key events. These feats are made easier due to upgraded technology. Both, ranging from better handheld recording equipment to smart phones ended up helping record major events and spreading the word about these events. This does end up showing a more realistic feel, since it can show it as if you were recording it yourself, or even if you are there. You can visualise the voices from the “text speak” from those who were there, helping keep the “Window of the world” objective the news attempts to keep.

Wednesday 26 June 2013

Ownership

When people talk about public service broadcasting, it means they are talking about a channel that is neither commercial (So, you would see a lack of advertisments) nor run by the government. they are infact payed through money that the public pay annually through a liscencing fee. an example of such a channel is the BBC, since they are run in such a method. another part about public service channels is that they consider the audience just that, the audience, unlike commercial channels, in which the audience is one of their products, a method of earning them more money. some channels actually earn more by adding a subscription, in which we essentially pay to become their products.

Commercial Broadcasting was briefly mentioned in the PSB segement, but in broader terms, it usually subscription or "Free" television, since they often make up for the loss in price by selling the audience as one of it's products to other companies. by this, i mean they sell Advertisment space to companies that sell other products, such as clothing or food. usually, for "Peak times" These ad spaces cost more, but will end up attracting more and more people to obtain said product. the price increases further if the channel is quite viewed, meaning the most viewed channel at peak time would be worth much more money than on lesser watched channels at non-peak times.

Private companies are companies that are not owned by the government. These companies do have alternative methods of earning funds. these are either through subscription (As mentioneded earlier), Through advertisements (Usually, this and the former can be seen happening similtaniously) Or the annual licsencing fee that the BBC does. The reason for such companies is because either A: They don't want the government to run their station, or B, which is the case for those who go with the licsencing fee method, to prevent other companies from taking over the channel due to their advertisements.

The word "Corporate" Means the following, which I quote from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/corporate: "of, for, or belonging to a corporation or corporations" In the world of TV and film, most objects, if not all, objects we see are corperate. These objects are often methods of earning money for the company, but in some circumstances, they are just there to "Entertain the masses" since they payed for it in advance, namely the stuff done by subscription and licsencing. these objects also have other things aswell, since they can earn companies more money if they decide to broadcast their corperate object on other channels, such as displaying family guy (A 20th century FOX show) On Comedy central earns them more money due to the fact that comedy central bought the rights to play the show on their channel, adding more funds to FOX's already big earnings.

Independent companies are companies that are not dependant on any other company, such as the fact that comedy central is dependant on viacom due to the fact thet are owned by them. And example of this is actually the BBC Since it's not dependant on many things, if anything at all.

Global companies are compamies that have locations all over the world. an example of this in the media world would actually be the news corperation, due to the fact they own sky, a well known Satellite tv provide across europe, FOX, a well known owner of several TV Channels, Multiple shows and a movie production franchise (20th century Fox). these companies are often quite powerful, and seem like they can effect the world. instead, they just will earn more money, slowly becoming richer while giving us products which we like (In this scenario TV shows of things we prefere, movies, and even multiple "Physical" Products, such as toys and replicas of the things from the shows, movies.

A list of 6 of the richest global companies are:
Viacom. Worth: $22.96 Billion.

News Corperation. Worth: $54.384 Billion.

TimeWarner. Worth: $66.524 Billion.

The Walt Disney Studios. Worth: $69.206 Billion

Sony. Worth: $137.7 Billion

Media Assets. Worth: $751.216 Billion

Vertical and Horizontal integration is essentially where you have one company take over either companies that do the exact same thing they do, which is the horizontal (E.G: 20th century fox "harvesting" Warner bros in an attempt to be the sole group to do production for movies), or have them create or take over companies that do the "Ranks" of film/tv making, which is distribution and exhibition. However, it is impossible for one company to do have all three roles under it's belt due to laws that essentially make it impossible to create a monopoly. A Monopoly is essentially where a person holds all the "Cards" Of a set of buisnesses, giving them the most power over the whole buisness.

Sources of funding for broadcasting and film in the uk.

Liscencing fee: Example: BBC. A liscensing fee is litterally where you pay to view said channels Anually. Often this is to avoid being controlled by the government and having to sell Ad Space.

one off payments: Example: DVDs, Cinema tickets.Litterally paying only once to obtain specific objects, or just to view it. So, buying dvds, music soundtracks, and even visiting the cinema are doing just this.

pay per view: Example: Sports channels during big events E.G. F1 Grand Prix Final. I belive this is done to maintain the production of such events, and also pay for future parts of the event.

sponsorship: Example: Major TV Brands E.G Simpsons, X-factor. Also Daily TV events E.G Weekday afternoons on sky are sponsored. Litterally, just mentioning them to make them well known before events, or even when they appear on screen, such as when sports personalities have sponsorships on them.

advertising (Spot ads): Example: To many things to say, but most channels do this. Litterally placing Advertisments spaces in between TV shows or intermissions in TV shows or films.

product placement: Example: James bond Drinking a martini (Old James bond). This is litterally where you pay for your product to appear on major publications, such as the example stated earlier.

Crowd Funding: Examples: Kickstarter. Where the public Donate funds towards thing they would love to see.

private capital: Example: Megan Ellis. Essentially the same as crowd funding, Except by individual wealthy people.

financial aid and development funds: Example: National lottery. BFI (British film institute) Administers the national lottery to fund specific products.

Wednesday 1 May 2013

Research techniques Take two

Primary Research:
Simply put, Primary research is research you have done yourself, or by people you have hired. The methods they would do this involves: Questionnaires (Similar to what i had done in my advertising work), Observing peoples opinions though reviews (Film critics do this part for them in the film world though), Focus groups, though in my opinion, are not the best thing to use in finding information on how a film did, and so forth.

There are other methods that can be done aswell, such as those rating boxes that can be put in peoples houses to see which channels are seen the most and at what times.

Anyway, what i ended up using in this unit was mainly primary research, seeing as i used a questionnaire to ask people what they thought of the two posters presented, I.E the one i made, and the original movie poster. though on the original movie poster one, i asked what they thought should be improved, while on the my one, i asked what i could have done better aswell.

Secondary research:
Secondary research is literally research that had been done by other people/companies and are being used by you. this option can be considered the more "Cost efficient option" Considering most of the work has been done for you. This can be found in books or files of information, meaning they can be bought or sold to others, which it quite often is.

Another method secondary research can be done is by literally looking on the web, or even just using loyalty cards if you have them at your disposal, since they show what people often buy.

Arguably, i did use it a bit, seeing as i used reviews to see how the movie did in general. for this, i ended up using IMDB since it's a collection of info including overall rating.

Quantitative Research:
Quantitative research Literally means finding out how many  people have used your product. The ways to find this out is to literally look into accounts in your product / stores, or in the media world: Looking at box office results, or even looking at hits on a website about the film.

Though i did not really use this myself, i did end up using it a slight bit on the presentation, seeing as i needed to find how many people when to see the films (though the amount of money they earned). 

Qualitative research:
qualitative research mean finding out how people though of the product in mass. this can be in the form of reviews. I ended up using this in the presentation when it came to finding ratings from reviews.

Data gathering agencies:

Easiest method of explaining this, is by looking back at the secondary research part, since this is exactly what they are there for. There are several groups who can do this, Such as the broadcasters' audience research board (Or BARB for short), who are the guys who end up using those "Ratings boxes" i mentioned earlier.

another example of a data gathering agency would actually be IMDB since they gather bits of information from others, and post it on their site for others to see / use in their research. 

Audience and market research:
 Audience and market research literally means "Trying to find information about your key target" the reason for this is so you end up "Selling" the right thing to the right people, Such as the call of duty fans all love the series due to it's capability of "Making a realistic wartime feel" (I assume. not a CoD fan myself), So, to find this out, you would need to find things such as Demographics, which means "what does X group of people like and/or do?", they would also want to examine how the target audience reacts to similar products in general.

This also includes finding info of similar products and how they sell. in the filming world, this can include genres or even franchises. i ended up using this by targeting the fans of the fantasy genre, so i modified my poster to make it more likeable by Fantasy film fans.

Production Research: 
This is litterally finding information about the stages of creation of the  product, so in the scenario of crating a movie, it's the budget, what props are needed, what people are needed to be hired, what locations can be used and the list goes on. This can be cut into having a part for each thing that may need it, such as in making a movie, this also includes advertisement which would also make it's own segment.

In my presentation, i ended up using this to find the budget of the films aswell as the marketing campaign.

To assess research data, you would need to find out three (or rather four) things: Reliability, Validity, and Representativeness and generalisability.

To see the reliability of something, you would need to do a specific test over and over again. this can include surveys, which in this scenario is what i used. Using this, i was luckily un-able to find many issues, but what i did find was the odd person who was not a fan of the genre or the poster.

To find the validity, you need to essentially do the exact same thing, Though it's a bit more situational than Reliability, since you need specific things to occur before you can use it properly. You need all your Results to end up being slightly similar. This essentially caused my theorys that the poster was good for attracting the right crowd of people, it just needed some work.

Representativeness and generalisability can be tested by asking a larger scale of people but in the same general area about a specific question, though this can be changed to a degree, since the location can be changed to a specific group of people, I.E Gamers, Religious parties, poltical parties and so forth. In my presentation, i ended up asking a group of gamers (Specifically fans of the fantasy universe) what their opinion was on the posters, causing it to be representative of that group of people.

Tuesday 30 April 2013

Production Diary: Three minute wounder

Tuesday 30th April 2013

1. We started a contact list (Quite litterally, a list of people and their contant details so we can have easy access to them), and actually started preparing questions to ask certain people. and so forth.

2. we started doing research on the subject, I.E Scoliosis, and started gathering images including an x-ray of what a person's (Connor, in this scenario) spinal cord was like before and after the operation to help it.

3. Started planning for recording, including locations, what visuals to use, and how to organise the clips and interviews

4. We also done multiple pieces of paperwork that are involved in pre-production, such as risk assessment. I will be uploading them slowly over time.

Thursday 9th May 2013

1. We started recording, and we managed to record Connor's interview and Antonella muscat (the Physiotherapist) was interviewed aswell on a later date.

2. We also continued our planning, where we started plans for our final shoot, worked on the questions for all three interviews (Some of the original questions were altered near the recording itself.)

3. Finally, we continued to work on the editing, working more on the transitions aswell as how the filming links with one another.

Monday 22 April 2013

Idea For Three Minute wounder

Title: "Gamers, The second Family"
As the title suggests, this is a documentary of family, to a degree. The main thing my documentary is meant to show is that gamers, though they bicker a lot, tend to be like a huge "Secondary Family" at times, doing stuff that the person's normal family could not. They seem to be easier to befriend due to the similar interests, and they can even act as a single force. At times, their bond links to this "Familial" state.
What I want to do, is prove this. To a degree, at least.

For this, I have two possible sources for interviews: The internet (Small group of friends) and the magic players at boundless realms (a shop + weekly event)